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The Indians believed that the northern lights were the light of the souls of the departed. The brighter the light, the happier they were
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july.krikun@gmail.com
Aurora
borealis
— silent
music
of night
The most spectacular side of magnetic storms
About phenomen
The northern lights is a glow of the upper layers of the atmosphere, arising from the interaction of the planet's magnetosphere with charged particles of the solar wind
Mikhail Lomonosov was the first to find the answer to the question of what it is. Conducting countless experiments, he suggested the electric nature of this phenomenon.
He filled hollow tubes with nitrogen, neon, hydrogen, argon, and other rarefied gases by passing an electric current through them. Each gas, depending on its wavelength, glowed (luminesced) differently:
In 1619 the Italian astronomer Galileo Galilei used the term "Northern Lights" and called the phenomenon in honor of Aurora, the Roman goddess of sunrise Aurora
Meaning another name Aurora Borealis
— oxygen (200-400 km)
— oxygen (up to 100 km)
— hydrogen
— nitrogen
About phenomen
The northern lights is a glow of the upper layers of the atmosphere, arising from the interaction of the planet's magnetosphere with charged particles of the solar wind
Mikhail Lomonosov was the first to find the answer to the question of what it is. Conducting countless experiments, he suggested the electric nature of this phenomenon.
He filled hollow tubes with nitrogen, neon, hydrogen, argon, and other rarefied gases by passing an electric current through them. Each gas, depending on its wavelength, glowed (luminesced) differently:
In 1619 the Italian astronomer Galileo Galilei used the term "Northern Lights" and called the phenomenon in honor of Aurora, the Roman goddess of sunrise Aurora
Имеется ввиду другое название Aurora Borealis
— oxygen (200-400 km)
— oxygen (up to 100 km)
— hydrogen
— nitrogen
About phenomen
The northern lights is a glow of the upper layers of the atmosphere, arising from the interaction of the planet's magnetosphere with charged particles of the solar wind
Mikhail Lomonosov was the first to find the answer to the question of what it is. Conducting countless experiments, he suggested the electric nature of this phenomenon.
He filled hollow tubes with nitrogen, neon, hydrogen, argon, and other rarefied gases by passing an electric current through them. Each gas, depending on its wavelength, glowed (luminesced) differently:
In 1619 the Italian astronomer Galileo Galilei used the term "Northern Lights" and called the phenomenon in honor of Aurora, the Roman goddess of sunrise Aurora
Имеется ввиду другое название Aurora Borealis
— oxygen (200-400 km)
— oxygen (up to 100 km)
— hydrogen
— nitrogen
How it arises
The reason for the appearance of the Northern Lights is the explosions on the Sun, as a result of which charged particles (corpuscles) rush into the ionosphere of the Earth
These explosions occur without warning and can release huge amounts of radioactive radiation and particles
Solar flare
Flows of gas particles and magnetic clouds from the surface of the sun rush in different directions
Sunny Wind
When the wind streams reach Earth, its magnetic field deflects a large part of them. If the storm is strong, the fields direct some of the solar plasma flows along magnetic lines toward the poles
Earth's magnetic field
When the wind reaches Earth, its magnetic field deflects most of it. If the storm is strong, the fields direct some of the solar plasma flows along magnetic lines toward the poles
Path of particles to Earth
Wind particles collide with molecules of atmospheric gases, turning neutral atoms into charged ions. This process is called ionization
Collision with the atmosphere
Path of particles to Earth
Sunny Wind
Earth's magnetic field
Solar flare
Collision with the atmosphere
When the wind reaches Earth, its magnetic field deflects most of it. If the storm is strong, the fields direct some of the solar plasma flows along magnetic lines toward the poles
Flows of gas particles and magnetic clouds from the surface of the sun rush in different directions
When the wind streams reach Earth, its magnetic field deflects a large part of them. If the storm is strong, the fields direct some of the solar plasma flows along magnetic lines toward the poles
These explosions occur without warning and can release huge amounts of radioactive radiation and particles
Wind particles collide with molecules of atmospheric gases, turning neutral atoms into charged ions. This process is called ionization
Top 9 locations
Abisko, Lapland, Sweden
Jokulsarlon glacier lagoon, Iceland
Vorkuta, Komi Republic, Russia
Tromsø, Northern Norway
Khatanga, Krasnoyarsk district, Russia
Akureyri, Northern Island
Longyearbyen, Svalbard, Norway
Murmansk, Murmansk region, Russia
Khibiny, Kola Peninsula, Russia
Abisko, Lapland, Sweden
Jokulsarlon glacier lagoon, Iceland
Vorkuta, Komi Republic, Russia
Tromsø, Northern Norway
Khatanga, Krasnoyarsk district, Russia
Akureyri, Northern Island
Longyearbyen, Svalbard, Norway
Murmansk, Murmansk region, Russia
Khibiny, Kola Peninsula, Russia
Атмосфера Земли меньше всего защищена в областях полярных регионов, поэтому они более подвержены влиянию солнечной погоды
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Top 9 locations
Abisko, Lapland, Sweden
Jokulsarlon glacier lagoon, Iceland
Vorkuta, Komi Republic, Russia
Tromsø, Northern Norway
Khatanga, Krasnoyarsk District, Russia
Akureyri, Northern Island
Longyearbyen, Svalbard, Norway
Murmansk, Murmansk region, Russia
Khibiny, Kola Peninsula, Russia
Abisko, Lapland, Sweden
Jokulsarlon glacier lagoon, Iceland
Vorkuta, Komi Republic, Russia
Tromsø, Northern Norway
Khatanga, Krasnoyarsk District, Russia
Akureyri, Northern Island
Longyearbyen, Svalbard, Norway
Murmansk, Murmansk region, Russia
Khibiny, Kola Peninsula, Russia
The Indians believed that the northern lights were the light of the souls of the departed. The brighter the light, the happier they were
The Earth's atmosphere is least protected in areas of the polar regions (auroral latitudes), so they are more susceptible to the effects of variable solar weather
[ auroral latitude ]
[ subauroral latitude ]
[ rare occurrences ]
[ very rare occurrences ]
[ auroral latitude ]
[ subauroral latitude ]
[ rare occurrences ]
[ very rare occurrences ]
The Earth's atmosphere is least protected in areas of the polar regions (auroral latitudes), so they are more susceptible to the effects of variable solar weather
[ auroral latitude ]
[ subauroral latitude ]
[ rare occurrences ]
[ very rare occurrences ]
[ auroral latitude ]
[ subauroral latitude ]
[ rare occurrences ]
[ very rare occurrences ]
The Earth's atmosphere is least protected in areas of the polar regions (auroral latitudes), so they are more susceptible to the effects of variable solar weather
[ auroral latitude ]
[ subauroral latitude ]
[ rare occurrences ]
[ very rare occurrences ]
[ auroral latitude ]
[ subauroral latitude ]
[ rare occurrences ]
[ very rare occurrences ]
The Earth's atmosphere is least protected in areas of the polar regions (auroral latitudes), so they are more susceptible to the effects of variable solar weather
[ auroral latitude ]
[ subauroral latitude ]
[ rare occurrences ]
[ very rare occurrences ]
[ auroral latitude ]
[ subauroral latitude ]
[ rare occurrences ]
[ very rare occurrences ]
Most spectacular
An 18th-century church and new chapels near Kurtiaevo. It's 28 degrees below zero
Arkhangelsk
Photo by Mikhail Karpov
The Expedition 32 crew on the International Space Station captured a series of photographs of the northern lights while flying about 240 kilometers above the Earth's surface
ISS
Photo by NASA
"Serenity," Lake Tekapo. The author was on a photo trip when the aurora alerts started appearing on his phone
New Zealand
Photo by Larryn Rae
Kola district, Murmansk region. It was 34 degrees below zero and because of the extreme weather the photo was created in stages: a photo for the foreground and one for the sky
Teriberka
Photo by Alexei R.
Four and a half hours from the Rhine, on the Lofoten Islands. The author has taken more than 3 million photos of the Northern Lights, being retired due to illness and having all the time he needs to explore his hobby
Norway
Photo by frank olsen
The holy grail of photography in Iceland is to photograph an aurora over the eruption of the Geldingadalir volcano. It's a once-in-a-lifetime photo
Iceland
Photo by Jeroen Van Nieuwenhove
"Spectrum. Full spectrum of the northern lights over the iconic Vestrahorn site in Iceland. Geomagnetic storm G3 (strong) struck Earth on October 31, 2021 and caused these amazing colors
Iceland
Photo byStefan Liebermann
"The Aurora Cave, Lofoten Islands. Photographing inside caves is never easy, but the natural frames and the three-dimensional effect they give are worth it
Iceland
Photo by Giulio Cobianchi
"Keepers Of The Lake", Lake Sakakawea
North Dakota
Photo by Marshall Lipp
An 18th-century church and new chapels near Kurtiaevo. It's 28 degrees below zero
Arkhangelsk
Photo by Mikhail Karpov
The Expedition 32 crew on the International Space Station captured a series of photographs of the northern lights while flying about 240 kilometers above the Earth's surface
ISS
Photo by NASA
"Serenity," Lake Tekapo. The author was on a photo trip when the aurora alerts started appearing on his phone
New Zealand
Photo by Larryn Rae
Kola district, Murmansk region. It was 34 degrees below zero and because of the extreme weather the photo was created in stages: a photo for the foreground and one for the sky
Teriberka
Photo by Alexei R.
Four and a half hours from the Rhine, on the Lofoten Islands. The author has taken more than 3 million photos of the Northern Lights, being retired due to illness and having all the time he needs to explore his hobby
Norway
Photo by frank olsen
The holy grail of photography in Iceland is to photograph an aurora over the eruption of the Geldingadalir volcano. It's a once-in-a-lifetime photo
Iceland
Photo by Jeroen Van Nieuwenhove
"Spectrum. Full spectrum of the northern lights over the iconic Vestrahorn site in Iceland. Geomagnetic storm G3 (strong) struck Earth on October 31, 2021 and caused these amazing colors
Iceland
Photo byStefan Liebermann
"The Aurora Cave, Lofoten Islands. Photographing inside caves is never easy, but the natural frames and the three-dimensional effect they give are worth it
Iceland
Photo by Giulio Cobianchi
"Keepers Of The Lake", Lake Sakakawea
North Dakota
Photo by Marshall Lipp
Types of aurora
The Crown
An infrequent form of bright radiance overhead. Bright, multiple ribbons, rays may be with beads, with a border, in the whole sky overhead. In this form, the northern lights are the most spectacular, bright, well distinguishable colors, pink, white, bright green
Often found form, combined with beads, rays, pillars, lies in the basis of the crown
Ribbon
Stable red auroral arcs (SAR) at middle auroral latitudes -—an example of heating of electrons in the upper part of the Earth’s ionosphere (400 km). Heating leads to the appearance of red glow layers of the atmosphere located very close to the Earth’s surface. Increase of temperature causes red glow with a wavelength of 630nm, excitation of the lowest layers of atomic oxygen
SAR (Stable Arc Red)
A rare form of atmospheric glow, similar to sand barchans, shimmering dim waves. At subauroral latitudes are often in the zenith
Dunes
One of the most frequent forms, sometimes bright, sometimes not very bright. Included in the form of the Crown, if located above the head of the observer. Has green, pink colors, it is good to observe at a distance of ~ 200 km from the aurora
Rays
Form of atmospheric luminescence at subauroral latitudes. It is not northern lights. Appears overhead at latitudes 60 degrees north latitude
STEVE
Spectacular form, well observed on the horizon and abфove head, bright ribbons often decorated with pinkish border. The eyes well distinguish this dynamic form
Edging
Types of aurora
The Crown
An infrequent form of bright radiance overhead. Bright, multiple ribbons, rays may be with beads, with a border, in the whole sky overhead. In this form, the northern lights are the most spectacular, bright, well distinguishable colors, pink, white, bright green
Often found form, combined with beads, rays, pillars, lies in the basis of the crown
Ribbon
Stable red auroral arcs (SAR) at middle auroral latitudes -—an example of heating of electrons in the upper part of the Earth’s ionosphere (400 km). Heating leads to the appearance of red glow layers of the atmosphere located very close to the Earth’s surface. Increase of temperature causes red glow with a wavelength of 630nm, excitation of the lowest layers of atomic oxygen
SAR (Stable Arc Red)
A rare form of atmospheric glow, similar to sand barchans, shimmering dim waves. At subauroral latitudes are often in the zenith
Dunes
One of the most frequent forms, sometimes bright, sometimes not very bright. Included in the form of the Crown, if located above the head of the observer. Has green, pink colors, it is good to observe at a distance of ~ 200 km from the aurora
Rays
Form of atmospheric luminescence at subauroral latitudes. It is not northern lights. Appears overhead at latitudes 60 degrees north latitude
STEVE
Spectacular form, well observed on the horizon and above head, bright ribbons often decorated with pinkish border. The eyes well distinguish this dynamic form
Edging
Types of aurora
The Crown
An infrequent form of bright radiance overhead. Bright, multiple ribbons, rays may be with beads, with a border, in the whole sky overhead. In this form, the northern lights are the most spectacular, bright, well distinguishable colors, pink, white, bright green
Often found form, combined with beads, rays, pillars, lies in the basis of the crown
Ribbon
Stable red auroral arcs (SAR) at middle auroral latitudes -—an example of heating of electrons in the upper part of the Earth’s ionosphere (400 km). Heating leads to the appearance of red glow layers of the atmosphere located very close to the Earth’s surface. Increase of temperature causes red glow with a wavelength of 630nm, excitation of the lowest layers of atomic oxygen
SAR (Stable Arc Red)
A rare form of atmospheric glow, similar to sand barchans, shimmering dim waves. At subauroral latitudes are often in the zenith
Dunes
One of the most frequent forms, sometimes bright, sometimes not very bright. Included in the form of the Crown, if located above the head of the observer. Has green, pink colors, it is good to observe at a distance of ~ 200 km from the aurora
Rays
Form of atmospheric luminescence at subauroral latitudes. It is not northern lights. Appears overhead at latitudes 60 degrees north latitude
STEVE
Spectacular form, well observed on the horizon and above head, bright ribbons often decorated with pinkish border. The eyes well distinguish this dynamic form
Edging
Types of aurora
The Crown
An infrequent form of bright radiance overhead. Bright, multiple ribbons, rays may be with beads, with a border, in the whole sky overhead. In this form, the northern lights are the most spectacular, bright, well distinguishable colors, pink, white, bright green
Often found form, combined with beads, rays, pillars, lies in the basis of the crown
Ribbon
Stable red auroral arcs (SAR) at middle auroral latitudes -—an example of heating of electrons in the upper part of the Earth’s ionosphere (400 km). Heating leads to the appearance of red glow layers of the atmosphere located very close to the Earth’s surface. Increase of temperature causes red glow with a wavelength of 630nm, excitation of the lowest layers of atomic oxygen
SAR (Stable Arc Red)
A rare form of atmospheric glow, similar to sand barchans, shimmering dim waves. At subauroral latitudes are often in the zenith
Dunes
One of the most frequent forms, sometimes bright, sometimes not very bright. Included in the form of the Crown, if located above the head of the observer. Has green, pink colors, it is good to observe at a distance of ~ 200 km from the aurora
Rays
Form of atmospheric luminescence at subauroral latitudes. It is not northern lights. Appears overhead at latitudes 60 degrees north latitude
STEVE
Spectacular form, well observed on the horizon and abфove head, bright ribbons often decorated with pinkish border. The eyes well distinguish this dynamic form
Edging
Julia Fedotova
The project is made in educational purposes on Course from Anya Melnik and Sasha Vasilyev and not commercial. All materials are taken from open sources and belong to their authors
about aurora borealis was told by
2023
www.juliafedotova.ru